The aim of this research was to examine actor and partner effects of self-esteem on relationship satisfaction. For the purpose of this research, the APIM (Actor-partner interdependence model) was used. The research included 215 heterosexual romantic couples aged 19 – 65, all of whom were in a one year or longer relationship. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, while relationship satisfaction was measure using three different measures: Perceived relationship quality components, Satisfaction index and Marriage stability scale, that were all combined into a standardized measure of relationship satisfaction – Total relationship satisfaction. The results showed a significant actor effect in both genders, where higher self-esteem had an effect on higher relationship satisfaction both with men and women. The partner effect of self-esteem on relationship satisfaction was obtained only for the female sample, indicating a possible existence of gender differences in this effect. Higher self-esteem in women resulted in higher relationship satisfaction in men, while men's self-esteem did not have an effect for female relationship satisfaction. Finally, the mechanisms underlying the actor and partner effects of self-esteem on relationship satisfaction are considered.