Objectives This thesis is a summary and a critical review of previous research with the aim of systematizing nanopharmaceuticals in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the range of application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer at the level of genes, cells and tissues. This research not only demonstrates the mechanical effects, pharmacological and diagnostic use of the nanoparticles, but also includes critical commentary on the potential negative aspects of nanoparticle use in the treatment of this type of cancer. Using comparative analysis with other cancers whose pathology, histopathology, or genetic background is close to pancreatic cancer thesis also examines the wider scope and comprehensiveness of the application of various nanoparticles. Materials and methods Using systematic and theoretical approach in focus of this thesis is one of the deadliest cancers, pancreatic cancer. Thesis was designed by systematic literature search by topic and subject of research, authors and journal. A literature search was carried out through on-line databases such as Elsevier and PubMed. In addition to scientific articles information from official web-pages relevant to this topic were used. Results The use of nanopharmaceuticals in the treatment of pancreatic cancer could improve the expected treatment outcomes. Nanopharmaceuticals, due to their surface and size properties, can provide a targeted effect directly on cancer cells, tissues and receptors. In addition, they can be used for early detection and individualized therapy, and subsequently for follow-up in remission phase of disease. A problematic aspect is the study of nanotechnology in cancer treatment due to economic and financial obstacles, as well as the lack of systematic clinical trials of drugs and nanoparticles as combination therapy. In addition, the lack of systematic diagnostic tests (which could also be improved by the use of nanoparticles) is a problem in coordinating statistical information on pancreatic cancer prevalence and risk factors. Also the long-term and short-term toxicity of nanoparticles remains an open question. Conclusion This thesis is relevant in the context of the study of pancreatic cancer, diagnostics and treatment using nanoparticles. Nanoparticles, due to their specific properties, are an excellent method of treatment and diagnostic tolls for cancers in general and pancreatic cancer as well. They are especially valuable as an element of combination cancer therapy in addition to standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical removal. It is important to mention the disadvantages of the systematic study and clinical trials of nanoparticle-based cancer treatment as well as the potential negative effects of nanoparticles on patients.