The pigmentation of human skin is mostly determined by pigment melanin that is produced in melanocyte’s organelles called melanosomes, but haemoglobin and carotenoids have an impact as well. According to the classification by phenotype, hyperpigmentations are one of two types of skin pigmentation disorders. They can be congenital or acquired, the latter being mostly associated with alternations in melanogenesis and/or distribution of melanin, but other causes are possible. This diploma thesis presents an overview of therapy options for hyperpigmentation disorders of both more and less frequent occurrence and up to date understandings of their pathogenesis, histologic and clinical manifestations and epidemiology. That includes melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentations, acanthosis nigricans, Addison’s disease, drug induced hyperpigmentations, solar lentigines, phytophotodermatitis, periorbital and other hyperpigmentations. Histologic presentation of a particular disorder might include epidermis, dermis or both skin layers, and the changes may be related to the pigment melanin, size and number of melanocytes, characteristics of the skin’s structure and vascularity or they can be the result of some other pigment’s deposition in the skin. Etiology is often multifactorial and can include UV light exposure, inflammatory processes, certain medications or cosmetic products, hormonal imbalance, but it can also be the consequence of a systemic disease or an existing skin disorder. Genetic predisposition can have an impact since it determines one’s phenotype. Because of multiple possible etiologies, every potential aspect of pathogenesis should be considered before diagnosis or therapeutic recommendation, especially when considering disorders with similar clinical manifestations. Therapy options include topical, oral, procedural and combination therapies. Factors such as skin phototype, gender and ethnicity might affect the efficacy of the treatment, but also the risk of developing certain side-effects, which is why these factors should be taken into account as well. More commonly used topical treatment options include arbutin, azelaic acid, liquiritine, glabridin and hydroquinone, among other tyrosinase inhibitors, but numerous agents with different or multiple mechanisms of actions are also available, e.g. retinoids and vitamin C. Oral therapy options show promising results, but further research is needed. Chemical peelings, laser treatments, dermabrasion, cryotherapy and other cosmetic procedures are often used as second or third-line therapy, depending on the necessity and indication, but they can be adjuncts to the existing therapy as well. Both these and topical types of combination therapy approaches usually show greater efficacy than monotherapy. The majority of available and promising therapy options require further research, including the ones regarding disorders’ etiology, both of which will lead to better understanding of those conditions, and thus to developing innovative therapy approaches for these variably frequent, but therapeutically equally challenging pigmentary changes.