Through this diploma thesis, an attempt was made to show the way in which the methodology and the way of teaching mathematics have been built throughout history. To begin with, the methodology of mathematics then and today is described, how it was created and how it was passed from one generation to another. In addition to this part, the structure of society in that period is briefly presented, more precisely the period that marked the work of the famous mathematician Franjo Močnik. Namely, this period, the beginning of the 19th century, was accompanied by numerous national movements in Europe. The national consciousness of certain people, the aspiration to build their own culture and the like were growing stronger. Also, the very famous revolution of 1848 broke out. Despite this, Franjo was at that time a professor of elementary mathematics at the Technical Academy. His work and contribution to education was very significant. He stood out with his ambitions and perseverance in his work. After acquiring his teaching profession, he did not give up and received his doctorate in philosophy. After some time, he started writing textbooks, both for students and teachers. He also worked at the University of Moravia. However, Močnik also fought for the best possible organization of education and the best possible position for teachers. The aim of this thesis was to show the life of Franjo Močnik in general, but also his work and the way of writing textbooks. Therefore, an analysis of several of his books on elementary school was done. Through the analysis of these books we can notice both similarities and differences with today’s way of writing textbooks.