The paper analyzes the portrayal of children 's characters in the children' s novel Uzbuna na Zelenom Vrhu and in the children 's feature film Millioni na otoku. Both the children's novel and the children's feature film were created almost at the same time, in the mid-1950s. The children's characters in both narratives deviate from the image of children that exists in most narrative works at the time. Since 1945, a socialist system has been established in Yugoslavia, in which all the strings in society are pulled by the Communist Party (since 1952, the League of Communists). Thus, the image of the child in Yugoslavia is crucially marked and determined by its place in the new society. This image of the child and childhood in the Yugoslav public space in the first ten years of the communist regime has several facets. The image inherited from the war of a child-hero in new peacetime circumstances took the form of a child-striker. In the mid-fifties, a new paradigm of the child of the inhabitants of the children's republic suddenly appeared as a consequence of the change in political circumstances. The general myth that soaks all the pores of society is the myth of a happy socialist childhood according to which never and no childhood in the history of the human race has been as happy as that socialist childhood. Deviating from these childhood images, both director Branko Bauer and writer Ivan Kušan create their own characters of children. The characters of the children in both narrative works differ sharply and characteristically from the ubiquitous images of children in society and art. Also, the characteristics of the characters in the novel and the children in the film provide an interesting contrast with each other, so this will also be discussed.