For years, the Republic of Croatia, in comparison with other countries in Europe, has a very unfavorable demographic picture. Significant consequences for the demographic picture of the Republic of Croatia were caused by wars, disparities in the development of various areas in the Republic of Croatia, high unemployment, a high percentage of elderly population, high emigration rate, low birth rate, and low and slow economic and social progress. In the past twenty years, the Republic of Croatia has been facing negative demographic trends that have a direct impact on economic growth and development. As one of the developing countries, the Republic of Croatia should not allow itself to continue the negative demographic trends in the future. The reason for this is that the negative demographic trends have a limiting effect on the economic growth of the Republic of Croatia. Given that there is no long-term sustainable economic development strategy in the Republic of Croatia, it should be developed and implemented to reduce the demographic deficit in the country. Economic development and conception should be made based on a critical analysis of the current situation in the country, and not following who currently has the most power in the country. The goals of long-term economic development should be based on modern technologies and modern conditions. Following the contemporary development strategy, it is necessary to set strategic development goals that will be clear and achievable. Only if some of the above proposals are realized in the near future the Republic of Croatia could retain the existing demographic capital, attract new demographic capital to the country, and continue to develop in economic terms.