The idea of matriarchy arose from the invention of figurines of women from the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. The figurines were often explained as depictions of religious beings, interpreted as evidence of matriarchy. Diversity in the lives of women in ancient times can be traced through the Egyptian, ancient Babylonian, Greek and Roman civilizations, and they all share a common subordination to men. In the Middle Ages, a woman was considered incapable of taking care of herself, an incapable being, and a being prone to sin. That’s why the woman needed supervision. Usually a brother, husband or father. Society imposed on women the role of prolonging the lineage, ie the family, by giving birth to numerous offspring. Women in the new age had a primary task in the household and in caring for children. Of the occupations, the nurse is most often mentioned. The first bearer of medical activity was a woman, a mother, guided by maternal instinct. With the advent of industrialization, the lives of women housewives have changed greatly. There was employment of women in textile factories. Women were employed in the first industrial revolution in spinning mills and weaving mills. In the middle of the 18th century, a feminism movement emerged with the goal of women's suffrage and equality in society. The First and Second World Wars halted the activities of the suffragette movement and united women in many countries in concern for the state and the common good. In communism, the unenviable position of women in the family is visible at the primary level, which largely depends on the set values that are respected within the family. The most significant characteristic of modern and postmodern in women's education and the labor market is the large percentage of women in the labor market as a result of globalization processes, the spread of industrialization and women's emancipatory movements. The occupations that women begin to pursue follow this ideology through placing male and female workers in niche occupations that had to be appropriate for their biological gender roles. This disparity is still visible today, given the difference in salary on average of 14.1% for the same jobs according to data from 2019.