The developmental course of freedom of an individual has a long history. This civic idea appeared already in the ancient times reaching its peak through the period of modernity. At the turn of the Modern Age the notion of an individual becomes very important in understanding the relation between the society and the man. This Modern Age idea has offered a rich set of philosophers who have marked the Modern Age as well as the contemporariness. Some of the most significant names in the Modern History of Europe are Bruno, Bacon, Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, Holbach, Condorcet and in his peak Kant. With their ideas through Enlightenment they have created contemplative conditions and possibilities for provoking the French Revolution. The French Encyclopaedia as one of the most important contributions of the Enlightenment had a direct impact on the world view change not only in France but also elsewhere. This new view to the world was a sort of introduction into the French Revolution. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was one of the main achievements of the Revolution and has made an epochal overturn in the concept of human rights. By abolishing feudalism the French Revolution introduced gradually the Old Continent into the epoch of citizenship. Secularisation of France and Europe was taking place as an important consequence of the Revolution which finally resulted in the appearance of laity. Development of the civil society culminated throughout the 19th century putting the emphasis on individualism which, together with liberalism and democracy, was and will remain one of the main characteristics of the Western civilisation.