Lone wolf terrorism is a complex and puzzling phenomenon whose roots date back in the 19th century's revolutionary activities, but whose actuality is still present in today's society. This type of terrorism involves a single person who acts, plans and executes terrorist attacks alone and is not a member of any terrorist organization. Throughout comprehensive review of evolution, definition and key features, these thesis was meant to develop a critical sociological framework in order to accomplish better understanding of lone wolf terrorism and its correspondence with the society. By giving several examples of theoretical approaches, we tried to provide explanations of lone wolves actions – rational choice theory and socio-psychological elements of self-sacrifice, theory of reciprocity and social identity theory. Special attention must be paid to the process in which individuals, through the adoption of extremist beliefs and formation of ideologies, from an inert actors become operational terrorists. This process is called the radicalization. In the next part of the thesis, by using case study method, four cases of lone wolf terorrists were selected and analyzed on the basis of their diversity in terms of operating at different time period, geographical locations and on the basis of different ideological backgrounds. Analysis included: Theodore Kaczynski known as the Unabomber, Eric Rudolph, Volkert van der Graaf and Anders Breivik. Through this analysis of lone wolf terrorists were gained empirical insights into the main influential factors and comprehension of the radicalization process. With the help of Hamm and Spaaij's lone wolf radicalization model, each case was analyzed individually and through the comparative analysis. The results have shown presence of some general, all-embracing patterns of commonality among seemingly differing cases. However, there is no single profile of the lone wolf terrorist. Their radicalization and creation of personalized ideologies are result of numerous factors – personal experiences and frustrations, (stimulating) social environment, broader social and political context.