Odontogenic cysts are pathological lesions in maxillofacial bones. Etiologically, they can be classified as developmental and inflammatory. Developmental cysts appear as an odontogenesis disorder, while inflammatory cysts appear due to trauma or by infection spreading through periodontium or necrotic pulp. Cysts present a great challenge in diagnostics for therapists because they grow asymptomatically, in a direction of low bone resistance. Their augmentation can weaken the bone and risk tooth vitality. The penetration of microorganisms can cause swelling and pain. Radiological images help with diagnosis. A cyst is presented as radiolucent halo closely connected to the tooth. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) gives three-dimensional display which provides additional information on the size of the cyst and on its relationship towards surrounding structures. Smaller cysts are treated by enucleation – peeling of the cystic cavity, encouraging blood clot creation, and then sewing so that the tissue heals per primam intentionem. That kind of approach is not suitable for larger cysts because enucleation would ruin surrounding teeth and anatomic structures. Decompression method proved to be a better, more conservative, and sparing approach to cysts treatment. Cystic content is drained by using a tube and, in that way, intraluminal pressure is reduced. Control radiological images show a decrease in cyst volume and new bone creation, particularly in radicular cyst treatment as well as in much aggressive creations such as ameloblastoma or odontogenic keratocyst. Decompression is the initial surgical therapy in cases of larger radius cysts which can grow and by growing compromise nose or sinus cavity, lower alveolar nerve, vitality of several teeth or increase the risk of mandibula fracture.