Family is a social community that plays a fundamental role in the development of children. A child is born unprepared for „outside world“ it is naturally attached to his parents. Such an environment full of love, support and comprehension is the best way for children to develop. However, not everyone has ideal family circumstances and adequate parental care. In situations where unfavorable conditions arise, it is the state that, with it's sistems and mechanisms, plays a basic role in protecting the most vulnerable. In most cases, parent will recognize that his child is at risk in some way, be it from third parties or some institutions. However, when they are the ones who endanger their children, then the institutions must act correctly. These are the center for social welfare, the court and the ombudsman for children, who can influence and improve the situation with their wide range of measures and intensive assistance to victims. In this paper, I will discuss children's rights that can be threatened both by parents and others, as well as family law protection measures under the jurisdiction of the social welfare center and the court. I will especially refer to the strictest measure imposed by the court, deprivation of the right to parental care. It protects children as the most vulnerable group in situations of extreme danger There is a whole series of assumptions for the imposition oft his measure, and I will process and prove each one through judicial practice or research. Sometimes the parental relationship is created through legal means, through the adoption process in various situations where children are left without proper parental care, for example in case of deprivation of parental care from parents who neglected their children. People who have desire to adopt someone else's child can, by doing so, provide the neglected child with everything that thay did not receive in their biological family. In the paper, we will touch on that institute as well as the problem of too few annual adoptions of children compared to registered eligible adopters. The paper is supported by relevant statistical data and articles of the Family Law and the Convenction on the Rights oft he Child.