Endometriosis is a chronic and estrogen-dependent gynecological disease that occurs in the adolescent population and in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of functional endometriotic tissue outside the uterus, most commonly in the pelvic area. The exact mechanism of origin and maintenance of this disease is not completely clear, although it is known that estrogen, more precisely estradiol, plays a central role. The prevalence of endometriosis in women of reproductive age is estimated to be about 10%, while these data for adolescent girls are generally unknown. The classic symptoms of endometriosis are pelvic pain and infertility. Endometriosis in adolescents is considered a special variant of endometriosis because there is evidence that the disease in this population tends to progress to more severe forms. One of the main features of this population is also late diagnosis due to often nonspecific symptoms and poor awareness of this disease among primary care physicians. The pain is primarily presented in the form of chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. Infertility as a symptom in adolescents is mostly absent due to the young age and therefore the focus is primarily on preserving fertility for later life. Endometriosis has a negative impact on the quality of life and adolescents suffering from this disease often suffer from anxiety and/or depression. The diagnostic process begins with a detailed history and targeted physical examination. If endometriosis is suspected, the next test we use most often is transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another imaging test that can also be used in the diagnosis of endometriosis, most often as a second line, that is after the ultrasound. Laparoscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of endometriosis today because it is the only procedure that allows direct visualization of lesions and histological analysis of suspicious tissue. In the treatment of endometriosis in adolescents, we use pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions and assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Unfortunately, most therapeutic guidelines for treating adolescent endometriosis are based on studies conducted on women of reproductive age. Treatment must therefore be tailored to each patient depending on the dominant symptomatology and stage of the disease.