Kravlje mlijeko je nutritivno bogata namirnica koja je u ljudskoj prehrani prisutna nekoliko tisuća godina. U zadnjih se nekoliko godina pojavilo pitanje o opravdanosti mlijeka kao sastavnog dijela pravilne prehrane čovjeka te potencijalnim štetnim učincima mlijeka na ljudskozdravlje. Mlijeko je jeftin i lako dostupan izvor važnih nutrijenata i svakodnevno je zastupljeno u ljudskoj prehrani te mu mnoge nacionalne prehrambene smjernice pridaju veliku važnost. Zato je važno poznavati njegov sastav te potencijalan pozitivan ili negativan utjecaj na ljudskozdravlje, kako djece tako i odraslih. Stoga je glavni cilj ovoga rada bio dati pregled najnovijih istraživanja o utjecaju mlijeka na rast djece, pretilost, rizik od osteoporoze i kroničnih bolesti, laktoza intolerancija te alergija na proteine mlijeka.; Bovine milk is highly nutritious food present in human diet for several thousands of years. In the recent decades, the question arose whether milk can be a part of a healthy diet because of its’ detrimental effects on human health. Since milk is cheap and easily available source of important nutrients, staple food for many people and has an important role in many national dietary guidelines, knowing its’ composition as well as potential positive and negative effects on human health and nutritional status is paramount, for both children and adults. Thus, the aim of the present study was to give a review of newer researches of bovine milk on child growth, obesity, risk of osteoporosis and noncommunicable diseases, lactose intolerance and milk protein allergy.