Najkontroverznije i neriješeno pitanje ljudskih gubitaka Hrvatske, i Jugoslavije, u Drugome svjetskom ratu broj je žrtava logora Jasenovac. Popisi žrtava logora Jasenovac te procjene i izračuni povjesničara i demografa najčešće su znatno različiti i u preširokom rasponu od potpunoga umanjivanja do nemogućih megalomanskih navoda te uvjetovani (dnevno)političkim ozračjem. Napose od vremena raspada SFR Jugoslavije pitanje broja žrtava logora Jasenovac iz jedinoga mogućega jednostranog i „megalomanskog” tumačenja znatno se raslojava. U članku se prikazuju i propituju najvažniji historiografski i publicistički radovi o jasenovačkim žrtvama i njihovi odjeci u javnosti, od pristaša „umanjivanja” do zastupnika „megalomanskih” navoda, kao i malobrojna nastojanja nepristranoga sagledavanja toga pitanja u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji od početka 90-ih godina do sadašnjosti.; The most controversial and unresolved issue of human losses of Croatia and Yugoslavia in World War II is the number of victims of the Jasenovac camp. Lists of victims and estimates and calculations by historians and demographers often diverge widely on this point, ranging from minimisation to impossible megalomaniac claims, and are strongly linked to (daily) politics. Especially after the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the issue of the number of victims of the Jasenovac camp began to be interpreted differently from the until then only permitted one-sided and ‘megalomaniac’ approach. Democratic changes, but also rising nationalist sentiment during the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, led to studies on the human losses of Yugoslavia in World War II, and the unavoidable issue of the number and structure of Jasenovac camp victims, having a distinct ideological-propaganda background in Croatian and Serbian historiography, opinion journalism, and public discourse. Serb nationalists vastly inflate the number of Jasenovac camp victims, most of all Serbs, while Croat nationalists strive to minimise this number. The issue of the number and structure of Jasenovac victims is heavily nationally, ideologically, and emotionally charged, which greatly hinders evaluation. Proponents of both left and right worldviews in Croatia and Serbia continue to ignore and belittle any research and facts that do not support their favoured image of the past. Furthermore, they devaluate proven facts and present typical justifications. Inflation or reduction, omission, often coupled with ignorance, stem from personal, national, or political motives. It is noticeable that both Croatian and Serbian media, for the most part, transmit such efforts.