Associations between milking technology, herd size and milk production parameters on commercial dairy cattle farms / Dorottya Ivanyos, Attila Monostori, Csaba Németh, István Fodor, László Ózsvári.
Sažetak

The aim of the study was to survey the milking technology and to analyse the associations between milking parlour type, herd size, and milk production parameters on dairy cattle farms. The milking technology was surveyed by using a questionnaire in 417 Hungarian dairy herds with 177,514 cows in 2017, and it was compared with their official farm milk production data. The surveyed farms were categorized according to their size (1-50, 51-300, 301-600, and >600 cows) and to their milking parlour types (herringbone, parallel, carousel, and others). The relationships were analysed by multivariate linear models, one-way ANOVA, and Fisher’s exact test. Pairwise comparisons were performed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. The prevailing type of milking parlour was herringbone (71.0 %), but on larger farms the occurrence of parallel and carousel parlours increased (p<0.001). The number of milking stalls per farm increased with herd size (p<0.001). Farms with herringbone parlour had significantly smaller number of milking stalls than that of parallel (p=0.022) and carousel (p<0.001) parlours, and the cows were mostly milked two times, while in carousel milking parlours mostly three times a day. As the herd size increased, so did daily milk yield (p<0.001) and daily milk production per cow (p<0.001). Herd size was associated with somatic cell count (p<0.001). The type of milking parlour showed significant association with daily milk yield (p=0.039) and dairy units with herringbone milking system had the lowest milk quality. Our findings show that herd size has greater impact on milk production parameters than milking technologies.; Cilj studije bio je ispitati tehnologiju mužnje i analizirati povezanost vrste mužnje, veličine stada i parametara proizvodnje mlijeka na farmama mliječnih goveda. Tehnologija mužnje ispitivana je korištenjem upitnika na 417 stada u Mađarskoj koja je sačanjavalo 177.514 krava u 2017. godini te je uspoređena s njihovim službenim podacima o proizvodnji mlijeka. Anketirana poljoprivredna gospodarstva razvrstana su prema veličini (1-50, 51-300, 301-600 i >600 krava) kao i vrstama mužnje (riblja kost, paralelno stajališta, rotolaktor i drugi). Odnosi su analizirani multivarijantnim linearnim modelima, one-way ANOVA i Fisherovim testom. Parne usporedbe obavljene su Tukeyevim post-hoc testovima. Prevladavajući tip mužnje na farmama bila je riblja kost (71,0 %), ali na većim gospodarstvima povećana je pojava paralelnih stajališta i rotolaktora (p<0,001). Broj jedinica za mužnju po farmi povećavao se s veličinom stada (p<0,001). Farme s izmuzištima u obliku riblje kosti imale su značajno manji broj muznih jedinica nego one s paralelnim stajalištima (p=0,022) i rotolaktorom (p<0,001), a krave su se muzle uglavnom dva puta, dok su se u rotolaktoru muzle uglavnom tri puta dnevno. Kako se povećavala veličina stada, povećavao se i dnevni prinos mlijeka (p<0,001) ali i dnevna proizvodnja mlijeka po kravi (p<0,001). Veličina stada bila je povezana s brojem somatskih stanica (p<0,001). Tip izmuzišta pokazao je značajnu povezanost s dnevnim prinosom mlijeka (p=0,039), a mliječne jedinice sa sustavom za mužnju riblja kost imale su najnižu kvalitetu mlijeka. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da veličina stada ima veći utjecaj na parametre proizvodnje mlijeka u odnosu na tehnologiju mužnje.