Prirodne populacije divlje trešnje u Srbiji nalaze se blizu južne granice areala ove značajne šumske vrste. Opstanak rubnih provenijencija, u Srbiji i široj regiji jugoistoka Europe, ugrožen je uslijed promjene klime, male veličine populacija, niske kompetitivnosti vrste i dr. Zbog toga se preporučuje umjetno potpomaganje obnove populacija uz proširivanje njihove genske raznolikosti. Iako je poznavanje razine i strukture genetske raznolikosti preduvjet njene učinkovite konzervacije i korištenja, istraživanja ove tematike na divljoj trešnji u regiji su rijetka. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu i obrazac fenotipske varijabilnosti za morfološka svojstva plodova, a raspravljena je i mogućnost povezanosti obrasca fenotipske varijabilnosti s genetskom diferencijacijom provenijencija. Plodovi su prikupljeni u devet prirodnih populacija. Analizirano je deset morfoloških svojstava plodova i utrđena je prosječna klijavost provenijencija. Najmanje varijabilnim pokazalo se svojstvo širina ploda (CV = 6.2%), dok je najvarijabilnije svojstvo bila debljina peteljke (CV = 29.4%). Analizom varijance utvrđeno je da su se provenijencije međusobno statistički značajno razlikovale po svim istraživanim morfološkim svojstvima plodova (p<0.01; α = 0.05), izuzev po svojstvu debljina peteljke (p = 0.92). Iako je varijabilnost između provenijencija bila statistički značajna, razina unutarpopulacijske varijabilnosti bila je znatno veća (41.2-52.1%) od međupopulacijske diferencijacije (5.3-15.2%). Obrazac diferencijacije između provenijencija utvrđen je korelacijskom analizom prosječnih vrijednosti svojstava s klimatsko-geografskim varijablama provenijencija, pri čemu su se debljina ploda i duljina peteljke pokazali kao korisna dijagnostička svojstva. Prosječna debljina ploda bila je signifikantno pozitivno korelirana s nadmorskom visinom (R = 0.69; p = 0.04), prosječnom godišnjom količinom snježne oborine (R = 0.80; p = 0.01).; Natural wild cherry populations in Serbia are a part of the southern border of this valuable forest tree species distribution range. The survival of these marginal provenances in Serbia as well as in the wider region is threatened by climate change, small population sizes, low competitiveness, etc. Therefore, it is recommended to artificially assist population regeneration while increasing their genetic diversity. Although knowledge of the amount and pattern of the specie’s genetic diversity is a prerequisite for its effective conservation and use, related research in the region is scarce. The main goal of this study was to determine the amount and pattern of phenotypic variability of natural wild cherry populations in Serbia. Possible link between revealed pattern of phenotypic variability and genetic differentiation of the provenances was discussed. Fruits were collected in nine natural populations. Ten morphological traits of the fruits were measured, and average germination rate of the provenances was assessed. The least variable trait was the fruit width (CV = 6.2%), while the most variable trait was the petiole thickness (CV = 29.4%). Analysis of variance revealed significant among-provenance variation for investigated fruit characteristics (p <0.01; α = 0.05), except for the petiole thickness (p = 0.92). Although variability among provenances was significant, the level of within-population variability was much higher (41.2-52.1%) than among-provenance differentiation (5.3-15.2%). The pattern of among-provenance variation was determined by a correlation analysis between provenance mean values and their climatic-geographical variables, whereby fruit thickness and petiole length proved to be useful diagnostic traits. Mean fruit thickness was significantly and positively correlated with altitude (R = 0.69; p = 0.04), annual precipitation as snow (R = 0.80; p = 0.01), and annual degree-days below 0 °C (R = 0.70); p = 0.04).