Road traffic electrification has a significant impact on the entire electric power system. Due to worrying trends in climate change and new technologies in the use of renewable energy sources, the interest for electric vehicles has increased. Despite numerous advantages of electric vehicles, such as the fact that they are quieter, easier to use and have lower maintenance costs, electric vehicles have some disadvantages, such as having a shorter range. Vehicle electrification has developed in several different ways – electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. Electric vehicles can be considered carbon neutral only if the electrical energy has been generated from renewable energy sources. Even though electric vehicles are currently more expensive to buy, the increase in competitiveness in relation to internal combustion engine vehicles shows the way in which road traffic will develop in the future. Moreover, an increase in the specific energy stored in the battery has been predicted, which would extend the range of electric vehicles and make the use of electrical energy from the electric power system more flexible. The increasing number of electric vehicles would make the demand for electrical energy higher, which poses a risk for electric power distribution network. Therefore, it would be necessary to organize the time before recharging the vehicle in a way that there would be a balance between the time in which electrical energy is spent and the time for it to be generated from renewable energy sources. The technology of demand response and the technology for balancing the power system, which are analyzed in this paper, are the smart charging technology and vehicle-to-grid technology. This paper also presents a model of the energy system of the Republic of Croatia. Using the scenario approach, an analysis has been made of the costs and effects of the implementation of this technology in the period of energetic transition.