This paper analyzes the impact of capital accumulation and the type of tax systems on economic and social inequality in chosen countries in the world. The history of taxes and their basic division are presented in order to be able to process these effects in more detail, the concepts of progressive, regressive and proportional tax system are introduced in order to clarify their distributive effect, i.e. their effect on income and wealth redistribution. The concept of capital, accumulation of capital, the method of their measurement and the concept of dead capital, which affects the reduction of opportunities for development and growth of the most vulnerable, are also defined. The concepts of economic and social inequality and the impact of taxes and tax systems on them, as well as how countries use tax maintenance and fiscal policy to reduce them, are also presented. The uneven distribution of wealth in the world in the last few years has been analyzed and how this uneven distribution affects the increase in inequality and the growing gap between the richest and the poorest. Growing inequalities in the US, Germany, Finland and China were also analyzed to explain them not only globally but also within and between countries. It also describes ways in which countries can influence more even distribution, reduce inequality and increase opportunities for all, regardless of status, race, age, religion, living conditions and other factors, through laws and changes in tax systems