The first part of the paper presents the general state and attitude towards music, musical instruments, scales, the way and forms of performing music in classical Greece. In the second part of the paper, what is said fits into the context of education in Greece with an emphasis on the time of one of the greatest Greek philosophers, Plato. He attached great importance to music, believing that it could develop a good character that would adorn quality and educated people. Music occupies an important place in education, believing that it will also realize its idea of an ideal state, that is, it will form an ideal citizen who will be able to be happy in their country. Education as imagined by Plato transcends the class division of society and is based on the educational process through which a kind of selection is made according to services, classes and occupations. The third part of this paper gives an overview and the way of performing music in the modern educational process. At the end of the paper, it is stated that music still plays a significant role in education, although not as significant as it was (justifiably or unjustifiably) given to it by ancient peoples. The aim of this thesis is to show the importance of music education as it once was and what music meant to Plato. It also seeks to point out the position of music education in the modern educational process and to make an analysis of the similarities and differences of music education in the time of Plato and today. In the end, it is concluded that music has played a significant role in the education of young people, which it still has today, and will certainly occupy an important place in the future.