This work presents the historical development of education from the Old Age to the present. Much has changed regarding education since the beginnings of society development to this day. Education has appeared with the appearance of the first communities and it implied imitating the actions of older tribal members. The first schools appeared in Sumer and proof of this was the clay tiles written by hieroglyphics. In ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta, there were formed Athenian and Spartan education that nurture and develop different educational ideals, although they appeared at the same time and at a small territorial distance. At the Old Age education has family and physical-military character. The Old Age is known for numerous philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle, Plato and Marco Fabio Quintilian. The characteristics of the Middle Ages are feudalism and class division. Religion and Scripture played an important role and everything was memorized. The Middle Ages are characterized by the establishment of numerous church and city schools and the first universities were open at that time. A major turnaround occurs at the time of Humanism and Renaissance when education is directed to the individual. The New Age begins in the 17th century and continues to this day. The New Age is the period of the most intense changes in education and great thinkers such as Bacon, Descartes, Komensky, Locke, Rousseau, Kant and Pestalozzi. New directions and new schools appeared in the 20th century and they offered more effective ideas for education, and by implementing school reform, education becomes universal, unique, contemporary and accessible to everyone. Today, there is much more discussion about education and what is the best for an individual. An individual is placed at the center of the educational process and the main goal becomes the development of students knowledges, skills, abilities, values an attitudes.