Corneal dystrophies are rare genetic diseases that affect the cornea. Most of them are autosomal dominant and bilateral primarily affecting one corneal layer. This thesis is going to describe the signs and symptoms a patient with different corneal dystrophies might have and, subsequently, the possible treatment. The diagnostics and therapy can differ greatly depending on the type of corneal dystrophy, the mutated genes responsible for the disease and the affected corneal layer. There can be opacities that range from those that cloud the cornea and greatly impair vision to those that are visible only with a slit lamp. Since the number of corneal dystrophies is high, this thesis will only cover 16 of them and they will be grouped based on which corneal layer they affect. The affected layers are the epithelial and subepithelial layer, Bowman's layer, the stromal layer, and the endothelial layer. Every dystrophy will have a paragraph about its pathology, one about the signs and symptoms a patient might have. The third paragraph will be about the diagnostic abilities concerning each dystrophy, and the last paragraph will outline the therapeutic possibilities. There are many corneal dystrophies whose mutated gene is known as well as its location on their specific chromosome. Those genes and their roles in a healthy body will be described.