Microtia is a congenital malformation of the middle and outer ear caused by a disorder in embryonic development. Most commonly, it is a unilateral microtia followed by ipsilateral hearing loss and mandibular and facial dysplasia. In a smaller number of cases (15-20%), bilateral microtia occurs, with a higher chance of additional syndromes, of which the most known is the oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome or Goldenhar’s syndrome. The etiology of microtia includes both the genetic background and the influence of various environmental factors, and the two main hypotheses about its origin are vascular disruption and damage of neural crest cells. The main approach to treatment is surgical and the most applied method even today is the autologous reconstruction of the ear with rib cartilage. Nagata, focusing on the problems of existing conventional methods, introduces a new reconstructive technique that gives much better functional and aesthetic results. His method consists of two stages, where first one refers to the making of a three-dimensional cartilaginous frame, and the second to the operation of lifting the auricle. Before making the cartilage frame, it is necessary to collect the cartilage from the sixth to the ninth rib, with the sixth rib cartilage being used later for ear lift surgery, while the remaining three rib cartilages are used to make the frame parts. The second stage begins approximately six months after the first and its purpose is to raise the auricle to its normal position, rotate posteriorly to 10-15°. There are numerous modifications to Nagata’s method and one of the most well-known ones is Seigert and Magritz. In addition to autologous reconstruction with rib cartilage, surgical methods for treating microtia include implant reconstruction (Medpor) and prosthetic reconstruction. Implant placement give extremely good aesthetic results with reduced occurrence of postoperative complications, while ear prosthesis, although having good results, is a rather expensive option considering the maintenance and replacement throughout life.