The circadian rhythm is the cyclical fluctuation of certain biological functions with cycle duration of about 24 hours. A large number of human physiological and pathophysiological functions exhibit daily variations. Circadian rhythms are stable also under completely constant external conditions, and this fact leads to the conclusion that they are regulated by a mechanism within the body (the so-called “biological clock”). Circadian oscillators present in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues of mammals are susceptible to environmental factors such as the light/dark shift or feeding. Today “capitalist” economy exposes an increasing number of people to shift work or night shifts, as well as frequent travels through different time zones, which, in the long run, leads to a disruption of the natural circadian rhythm. This can lead to chronic disorders such as the metabolic syndrome, which is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An Italian study conducted among nurses and medical technicians showed a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome in those who work night shifts compared to the control group that works exclusively during the day. Studies conducted among people who work in shifts and during the night have also shown a higher incidence of prostate, colon and breast cancer. (Haus & Smolensky, 2006) Potential solutions are offered as part of chronobiology, a scientific discipline that studies biological rhythms. (Tahara&Shibata, 2014) Another discipline, chrono-nutrition, synchronizes the feeding rhythm with the internal neuroendocrine rhythm of the body. The importance lies therefore not only in the structure of the food, but also in the synchronization of feeding times with the natural functioning of the circadian system. By following the principles of chronobiology, medical nutrition therapy may affect stablishing the balance, and thus prevent the harmful effects of this “chronodisruption”.