Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with multifactorial etiology. Parkinson's disease is traditionally classified as either monogenetic / familial Parkinson's disease or as idiopathic / sporadic Parkinson's disease. It primarily associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact. Dopamine deficiency results in major motor symptoms that include resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, and rigidity. In addition to the main motor symptoms, patients also exhibit non-motor symptoms such as apathy, autonomic disorders, depression, dementia, and sleep disorders. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is clinical. In addition to genetic testing in selected cases, a definitive diagnosis of Parkinson's disease can only be established by postmortem identification of neuropathological changes. The treatment of Parkinson's disease is currently only symptomatic, with both pharmacological and surgical methods applied. Parkinson's disease is a complex disease for which common and rare genetic variants have been identified that contribute to the development of the disease. Common genetic variants with high penetrance lead to the development of a monogenetic form of a disease. Genetic mutations that cause the monogenetic Parkinson's disease are the only currently known cause of a disease. Rare genetic variants are considered a risk factor for the development of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Interactions of environmental and genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the development of the idiopathic form of a disease. With the development of new technologies, an increasing number of genetic risk factors are being discovered. Studies of mutations in monogenetic disease, and identification of new genetic variants associated with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis, and forms an important basis for the development of therapy aimed at stopping disease progression.