In comparison to other surgical emergencies, urological emergencies are not so frequent conditions, and are rarely life-threatening. As many urogenital structures are located retroperitoneally, and are therefore inaccessible to palpation, with quality physical examination and comprehensive history, diagnostic imaging methods such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and various contrast enhanced methods are very useful. This review describes the following conditions: testicular torsion, priapism, paraphimosis, Fournier's gangrene, acute urinary retention and urotrauma. Testicular torsion is a condition caused by the rotation of the testicles around the longitudinal axis, which leads to the compression of vascular flow. Rapid recognition and treatment are necessary to save the testis, and torsion must be ruled out in all patients with acute scrotum. Priapism is a prolonged erection of the penis that lasts >4 hours and is not associated with sexual interaction. The diagnosis is clinical and urgent treatment is needed to avoid permanent erectile dysfunction. Paraphimosis is an emergency in which the foreskin remains trapped proximal to the corona glandis, leading to the strangulation of the distal penis. Prompt response including oedema reduction is crucial to prevent irreversible penile necrosis. Fournier's gangrene is a condition of rapidly progressive necrotizing infection of the skin and soft tissues of the perineal region. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical interventions are key to preventing acute and chronic consequences for the patient. Acute urinary retention is a condition characterized by a sudden inability to voluntarily empty the bladder. The causes are numerous, and in the treatment it is important to perform a decompression of the bladder by catheterization and subsequently diagnose and treat the direct cause. Urogenital trauma is rare because the kidneys, ureters, and bladder are protected within the pelvis and abdomen, and the testicles and penis are mobile. In addition, urological trauma mainly occurs in polytraumatized patients.